Hydrogen.

Hydrogen,most abundant element in the universe and the third most abundant on the surface of the globe,is being visualised as the major future source of ENERGY.

Position of hydrogen in the periodic table:

Hydrogen is  first element in the periodic table.

It has electronic configuration 1S1. its electronic configuration is similar to the outer electron electronic configuration of alkali metals (ns1).

Hydrogen forms oxide , halides  and sulphides

It has very high ionization enthalpy. Mostly hydrogen exist as a dihydrogen in the universe.

Dihydrogen H2:

dihydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe (70% the total mass of the universe).

Isotopes of Hydrogen :

Hydrogen has three isotopes : 

1.protium 1H1 in this neutron is absent. 

2. Deuterium, 2H1 or D

3. Tritium, 3H1.  0r T .

These isotopes different form oneanother in respect of their presence of neutrons.

Out of these Tritium shows radioactivity. Which emits low energy beta particles . Nature of beta particles is non- meterial .

Uses of dihydrogen:

1.The  largest single use of dihydrogen is in the synthesis of ammonia which is used in the manufacture of nitric acid a nitrogenous fertilizers .

2. It is used in the manufacturing of vanaspati ghee.

3. It is used in the manufacture of number  of organic compounds.

4.it is widely used for the manufacture of metal hydrides.

5. In metallurgical process,it is to reduce heavy metal oxide to metals.     

6. It is used as a rocket fuel in space research.

7. It is used as a fuel cell for generating electrical energy.

In this way it has many applications.

Dihydrogen as a fuel:

Dihydrogen releases  large quantities of heat on combustion. By comparing energy methane,LPG, petrol.it is observed that the dihydrogen can release more energy than petrol about three times. It has  less pollution than petrol.

Limitations for the use of dihydrogen as a fuel :

1. It has mass 30 Times greater than than that of same amount of PETROL.

2.Also, dihydrogen gas is converted into liquid state by calling 20 Kelvin.  This would require expensive insulated tanks.

this limitations have promoted researchers to search for alternative technique to use dihydrogen in an efficient way.

It is for the first time in the history of India that a pilot project using the dihydrogen as a fuel was launched in October 2005 for running automobiles. Initially 5% dihydrogen has been mixed in CNG for using four wheeler vehicles. The Percentage of dihydrogen would be gradually increased to reach the optimum level.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen?wprov=sfla1

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