Everything about chemistry

Green chemistry , also called  sustainable chemistry , is an area of chemistry and chemical engineering focused on the designing of products and processes that minimize or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances.   Principles of green Chemistry. The  twelve principles of green chemistry  are: Prevention : prevention West is  better than treating or cleaning up waste after it is created.  Atom economy :.   Synthetic methods should try to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process into the final product.This means that less waste will be generated as a result. Less hazardous chemical syntheses . Synthetic methods should avoid using or generating substances toxic to humans and/or the environment. Designing safer chemicals.  Chemical products should be designed to achieve their desired function while being as non-toxic as possible. Safer solvents and auxiliaries . Auxiliary substances should be avoi...

Hydrogen,most abundant element in the universe and the third most abundant on the surface of the globe,is being visualised as the major future source of ENERGY. Position of hydrogen in the periodic table: Hydrogen is  first element in the periodic table. It has electronic configuration 1S1. its electronic configuration is similar to the outer electron electronic configuration of alkali metals (ns1). Hydrogen forms oxide , halides  and sulphides It has very high ionization enthalpy. Mostly hydrogen exist as a dihydrogen in the universe . Dihydrogen H2: dihydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe (70% the total mass of the universe) . Isotopes of Hydrogen : Hydrogen has three isotopes :  1.protium 1H1 in this neutron is absent.  2. Deuterium, 2H1 or D 3. Tritium, 3H1.  0r T . These isotopes different form oneanother in respect of their presence of neutrons. Out of these Tritium shows radioactivity. Which emits low ene...

Some key features:  1.In 1869 first attempt was made by Dmitri Mendeleev . He arranged element in accordance with increasing order of atomic number. 2. After that Dobereiner comes he tell us the tried rule . i.e. group of 3 elements.the mean of atmoic weight is same. 3. In 1904 , Richard abegg formulated Abegg's rule. This rule was used later on 1916 by Gilbert N. Lewis & formulated as octat rule. 4.octat rule is the properties of 8th element are similar with 1st element. 5.Modern periodic table is given by Mendeelv.  Modern periodic law states that " physical & chemical properties of element are periodic function of their atomic number "  periodic table the element are arranged in accordance with their increasing atomic number 6. There are 7 periods & 18 groups . Which are divided into three blocks s,p,d&f  7.In groups the element are arranged in accordance with their last valance electron. 8. Elements are come in exist whe...

Rhodium  is a chemical element  with the  symbol Rh  & atmoic number  45.  It is a rare, silvery-white, hard,  corrosion-resistant , and chemically  inert   transition metal .  it is   noble metal  and a member of the  plantinum group . It has only one naturally occurring  isotope ,  103 Rh.  Naturally occurring rhodium is usually found as free metal, as an alloy with similar metals, and rarely as a chemical compound in minerals such as  bowieite  and  rhodplumsite . It is one of the rarest and most valuable  precious metals . . It was  discovered  in 1803 by  William Hyde Wollaston  in one such ore, and named for the rose color of one of its chlorine compounds. The first major application was electroplating for decorative uses and as corrosion-resistant coating. It is very costly having prize 18000 per gram. Gold - 3000/gram . Means 6 Time...

Vitamin A - retinol Vitamin B1 - Thiamine Vitamin B2 - riboflavin Vitamin B3 - niacin  Vitamin C - Ascorbic acid Vitamin D - calciferols Vitamin E - tocopherols. Uses    Vitamin A -  Supports growth of bone development, vision, reproduction, and development and maintenance of skin tissue. Vitamin B1 -  .  enables the body to use carbohydrates as energy. It is essential for glucose metabolism, and it plays a key role in nerve, muscle, and heart functions. Vitamin B2   -   -  helps in to  break down proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It plays a vital role in maintaining the body's energy. Vitamin B3 -   - it is   an important nutrient. In fact, every part of your body needs it to function properly. As a supplement, niacin may help lower cholesterol, ease arthritis and boost brain function, among other benefits. Vitamin C   -it  is an essential nutrient involved in the ...

We can detect starch in milk using iodine . After addition of iodine formation of blue colour indiacates that presence of starch. What is starch? It is polymeric  carbohydrate . It consists of number of glucose  joined by glycosidic bonds. Pure starch is a white, tasteless and odorless powder that is insoluble in cold water or alcohol.  This  polysaccharide  is produced by most green  plants  as energy storage. It is the most common carbohydrate in human diets and is contained in large amounts in  foods  like  potatoes ,  wheat ,  maize  (corn),  rice . Starch

There are 92  naturally occurring elements out of that 24 element are essential for biological activities. The main elements that compose  human body are given below. Elements       symbol.           Percentage % Oxygen.           O.                      65 Carbon.            C.                       18  Hydrogen.        H.                      9.5 Nitrogen.           N.                      3.2 Calcium.            Ca.                   1.5 Phosphorus.       P.    ...

Oxygen therapy :   means use of oxygen in medical treatment. The use of oxygen therapy first come in 1917. Since 1990 oxygen therapy used in treatment of stroke. Oxygen therapy useful for low blood oxygen level, carbon monoxide toxicity, nashta Headache. Also used in treatment of AIDS, CANCER, ALZHEIMER'S disease. Oxygen is required for normal cell metabolism. Oxygen therapy is useful for COPD disease. COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.  Related with lungs. Simple face mask used for oxygen therapy. When additional oxygen is given to person it dissolves in plasma of blood according to henry law. It states that amount of dissolved gas in liquid is proportional to partial pressure above the liquid. Storage of oxygen  : Stored in tanks. My opinion: In upcoming year's we all need oxygen therapy . Because in environmental we can't get pure oxygen. Pollution is increasing. Air we breath is not of a good quality . This pollu...

Uses of dihydrogen